Blog archive
April 2024
Tulsa reparations, Religion and Politics
04/09/2024
March 2024
Trumps War with Black Women
03/31/2024
Addressing The Needs of Older Adults Through Pasadena Village
03/25/2024
Coming Soon: More Resources for Older Americans, Online and in Person
03/25/2024
Community Building Locally and Nationally
03/25/2024
Preparing for the Future with Ready or Not
03/25/2024
Volunteering is at The Heart of the Village
03/25/2024
Women's Liberation: Then and Now
03/25/2024
Writing Memoirs Together
03/25/2024
Current Views on Current Events
03/20/2024
Unchained
03/18/2024
Rumr of Humor issue # 2409
03/10/2024
Blacks Portrayed by European Artists
03/03/2024
Rumor of Humor #2408
03/03/2024
February 2024
Caring for Ourselves and Each Other
02/27/2024
Doug Colliflower Honored
02/27/2024
Great Decisions Connects Us to the Worldwide Community
02/27/2024
Letter from the President
02/27/2024
Pasadena Village's Impact
02/27/2024
The Power of Touch
02/27/2024
Villages as a New Approach to Aging
02/27/2024
Addressing Gang Violence in Pasadena-Altadena
02/21/2024
Rumor of Humor Issue 2407
02/19/2024
Thank You For Caring.
02/12/2024
Rumor of Humor 2405
02/11/2024
Curve Balls
02/10/2024
Sylvan Lane
02/10/2024
Rumor of Humor 2404
02/09/2024
Larry Duplechan, Blacks in Film
02/03/2024
January 2024
Pasadena Village Joins Community Partners in Vaccination Campaign
01/29/2024
Rumor of Humor #2403
01/28/2024
Pasadena Village Joins Two Healthy Aging Resource Projects
01/25/2024
Decluttering: Do It Now
01/24/2024
Village Volunteers Contribute to the Huntington Magic
01/24/2024
Villagers Creating Community
01/24/2024
Villagers Reflect on Black History Month
01/24/2024
Walk With Ease, 2024
01/24/2024
Wide Ranging Discussion on Current Issues
01/22/2024
Wide Ranging Discussion on Current Issues
01/22/2024
Rumor of Humor # 2402
01/21/2024
Rumor of Humor # 2401
01/15/2024
Re- Entry Programs, a Personal Experience
01/08/2024
Science: Ocean Microbiome & Microscopic Animacules
By Bob SnodgrassPosted: 06/15/2022
PASADENA VILLAGE SCIENCE Monday; SUMMARY OF May 9, 2022, meeting
Present: Dick Myers, Karen Whitmore, Joy Wilson, Bob Snodgrass
This was a most unusual meeting, the first attended by Joy Wilson, one of the first for Karen Whitmore, and Dick Myers, a loyal member who is handicapped by poor vision. Nobody had anything prepared for presentation, so we chatted for a while and I gave my prepared presentation on the ocean microbiome, a subject which interested me from my younger days, having grown up on an island and spent much time in the ocean.
Van Leeuwenhoek’s early reports of microscopic animacules that he saw in pond water, mouth secretions, etc. don’t seem to have included ocean water. He was a draper who built his own microscopes to see the quality of thread better than he could with simple magnifying glasses. He soon became captivated by all the living things that he saw. He wrote no books but sent frequent reports to the Royal Society of London (about 190 in all). Because there had been no previous reports of single celled organisms, his reports were greeted with skepticism. The Royal Society sent a group of observers to see van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope. The observers confirmed all his reports in 1677.
The modern ideas about the microbiome developed slowly. Sergei Winogradsky who was born in 1856 in Russian-controlled Kiev is usually considered the father of microbial ecology. He studied bacteria responsible for the spoilage of wine and various foods. While chief microbiologist at St. Petersburg, he discovered the process of nitrogen fixation; the process whereby soil living microbes convert free atmospheric nitrogen in stable compounds such as ammonia, nitrate and more. He insisted that organisms should be grown and studied in their natural habitat, rather than culture dishes. This wasn’t possible until science had progressed much further, with the development of electron microscope in Germany in the later 1930s, the discovery of DNA as the basis for most life (RNA serves that function in many viruses) and of DNA sequencing in the late 1970s. Sequencing was initially done by hand and was slow and laborious. Now it is done quickly by machines. Many viruses and bacteria living in the ocean and elsewhere can’t be grown in culture but can be identified by sequencing. Most viruses can’t be seen without electron microscopy.
Only in the last 15 years have systematic studies of ocean microbiomes begun. Viruses appear to be more numerous than bacteria in most Ocean regions. Ocean samples from 100 miles away are usually different as are those taken during different seasons. Most oceanic bacteria and viruses are not pathogenic to humans. The majority of viruses that infect humans and other mammals have RNA genomes. Effects of increased oceanic acidity and temperature are expected to produce significant changes in the ocean microbiome.
Our next meeting will be Monday June 13th at 4 PM- we always meet on the 2nd Monday of the month. Barbara Madden has sent me a copy of her presentation for tomorrow, on dog genomics (June 13th). Please reach our if you'd like a copy. Also, may obtain the Zoom code from Belinda in the office.
Bob Snodgrass